cloud scalability vs elasticity. The ability to scale up is not as efficient as. cloud scalability vs elasticity

 
 The ability to scale up is not as efficient ascloud scalability vs elasticity  Cloud Elasticity vs Cloud Scalability

It is of two types - horizontal and vertical. Rapid Elasticity = CSC And Resource Pooling = CSP Yes. Cloud elasticity vs. Businesses and industries can change very rapidly in today’s economy. private cloud Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated exclusively for one company. Horizontal scaling vs. Now, you may think “that sounds a lot like cloud scalability. In real-time, an elastic system automatically makes adjustments to best match. In general, Scalability can be defined as the degree to which a system is able to meet application specific performance criteria in response to larger workloads by incrementally. scaling up. First, they enable you to cope with unpredictable and fluctuating demand patterns, such as seasonal peaks, spikes, or dips. Existing work on cloud computing is limited to the technical view of implementing elastic systems, and definitions or scalability have not been extended to cover elasticity. Elasticity: Allows you to match the supply of resources—which cost money—to demand. The fact is, that while related, in the world of cloud computing they are not actually the same. There are 9 main types of scalability in cloud computing: 1. In essence, when demand spikes, additional instances are spawned; conversely, when demand plummets, superfluous instances are terminated seamlessly. This could include growing the capacity of a cloud-based system's central processing unit (CPU), for instance, or its storage resources or memory. Cloud computing. It requires an engineer to manage scaling up and out or down. It can be horizontal scaling, like adding more servers, or vertical scaling, like increasing a server's capacity. I read from the book of T. Learn about the two main types of cloud scalability, Scale Up and Scale Out, in our latest blog. On-Premise Vs. cloud scalability. Elastic SAN is a cloud-native storage area network (SAN) service built on Azure. Cloud Scalability vs. Marc Staimer, Dragon Slayer Consulting. According to Wikipedia elasticity is defined as “the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an autonomic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible. Elasticity: Elasticity goes hand in hand with scalability. Scalability and elasticity are related, though they are different aspects of database availability. Financial Services Lead, Customer Value & Transformation Advisory, Google Cloud. Cloud elasticity helps users prevent over-provisioning or under-provisioning system resources. In this video, I have explained about Scalability VS ElasticityElasticity vs. Page 1 of 2. Businesses are investing heavily in cloud computing resources, and professionals with the right set of skills are much in demand. Get the same simplified management experience in the cloud as with your on-premises storage area network (SAN). Cloud elasticity can help manage demand spikes, minimize crashes, and maintain high availability. Tracking a scalability issue within a microservices deployment is much easier when working with traces. Discover the pros and cons of each method and find out which one may be the best fit for your organization's needs. Cloud elasticity. You only pay for the Amazon Web Services features you need — and many solutions are ready to go on demand when you’re ready for them. Scalability. Elasticity refers to the capability of a cloud to automatically boost or shorten the infrastructural resources, depending on the requirement so that the workload can be. e. Scalability is that feature which allows your system to adjust resources with change in load or demand. In summary, Auto Scaling helps to ensure the optimal use of resources, while Load Balancer helps to distribute the workload evenly and provides high availability. For instance, Netflix, one of the leading online streaming platforms across the globe, utilizes Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances for provisioning higher-end graphics workstations and creating a high-performance cloud. If you’re running a small business with 50 employees that all need. . This feature swiftly scales the resources to meet the. Follow step-by-step instructions in this Hands-on Lab to deploy the VMware Cloud stack on AWS, then configure networking settings, explore on-demand capacity, and more. Here, you must to pay attention to the difference between "Scalabity" and "Auto-Scalability". Elasticity vs. Elasticity Vs ScalabilityToday, I want to shed some light on three crucial concepts that often get mixed up in the world of technology and business: scalability, elasticity, and agility. Cloud Scalability vs. Cloud scalability vs cloud elasticity. Cloud elasticity also prevents you from having to pay for unused capacity or idle resources, meaning you won’t have to buy. The key difference between scalability and elasticity is the level of automation. Auto-scaling is a vital component in cloud computing, enabling organizations to achieve scalability and elasticity while minimizing operational overhead. Related Readings:Powered by Higher Logic. Learn the five key concepts of software architecture: scalability, availability, reliability, performance, and resilience. The term “cloud elasticity” vs. The X8M or newer versions allow you to add database and storage nodes to the cluster to increase CPU, storage, or both. But many people often mistakenly use them interchangeably. Ability to dynamically scale the services provided directly to customers' need for space and other services. Elasticity is a dynamic property for cloud computing. fokusfocus • 3 yr. Rapid elasticity (1) Let's step through these of these. Cloud providers can offer both elastic and scalable solutions. Published: 04 November 2009 Summary. Therefore, this system will correct the resource provisioning automatically to adjust the user’s projects. Load Testing. The system starts on a particular scale, and its resources and needs require room for gradual improvement as it is being used. It will cost you approximately US$5. Although they sound similar, cloud scalability and elasticity are not the same things. elasticity? Cloud scalability is the ability of a cloud computing system to handle increased workloads by adding more resources. While scalability vs elasticity needs to be considered, there are some similarities that need to be highlighted too. Scaling out vs. Vertical vs Horizontal ScalingConcepts. Cloud elasticity is required for short-term bursts, such as a spike in website traffic as a result of a sales promotion. At its most basic level, database scalability can be divided into two types: Vertical scaling, or scaling up or down, where you increase or decrease computing power or databases as needed—either by changing performance levels or by using elastic database pools to automatically adjust to your workload demands. Scalability is the ability to add or remove capacity, mostly processing, memory, or both, from an IT environment. Cloud elasticity is required for short-term bursts, such as a spike in website traffic as a result of a sales promotion. You may want to investigate golden Amazon Machine. Contents. Contents. Let’s talk about the three most important features of scalability in cloud platforms. One of the biggest cloud scaling challenges that comes from growing an engineering team is dealing with knowledge silos. For example, scalability enables you to go from one to a. cloud 20211103 Edzo Botjes. In contrast, elasticity refers to daily/hourly capacity changes–when usage goes up and down. Elasticity is best defined as a cloud computing service's ability to dynamically adapt to meet an organization's changing demands. Scalability provides the ability to increase the workload capacity within a preset framework (hardware, software, etc. -1. Cloud Scalablilty Cloud Elasticity; It focuses on adjusting resources to meet the expected increase or decrease in workload. Scalability is very similar to elasticity but it’s on a more permanent, less makeshift type scale. As an example, let us imagine an application, application A, running o. Elasticity Vs Scalability This diverse activity requires a very flexible system that can allocate resources to one sector without dragging down others. Cloud computing introduces two essential concepts, scalability and elasticity, often used interchangeably but with distinct characteristics. Elasticity, on the other hand, is the ability of a. In a nutshell, cloud elasticity describes the ability of enterprises to add or remove cloud computing resources within their deployments as needed — based on shifting workload. Scalable environments only care about increasing capacity to accommodate an increasing workload. EBS Snapshots. At its most basic level, database scalability can be divided into two types: Vertical scaling, or scaling up or down, where you increase or decrease computing power or databases as needed—either by changing performance levels or by using elastic database pools to automatically adjust to your workload demands. Here we deep dive into vertical scaling vs horizontal scaling in the Azure cloud. Cloud elasticity vs. Elasticity therefore builds upon scalability and expands on it by adding the notion of automatic resource management. Three basic ways to scale in a cloud environment include manual scaling, scheduled scaling, and automatic scaling. Scalability; Elasticity; Agility; Fault Tolerance; Disaster Recovery. Содержание Elasticity And Scalability, Know The Difference Why Are Clouds Flexible? How Do You Determine Optimal Cloud Scalability? What Is The Difference Between Scalability And Elasticity? What Is Reliability And Scalability? Connect To A Sql Database With Visual Studio Code Growing Community A product will. In the cloud, you want to do this automatically. It automates the process of adjusting resource capacity to handle workload fluctuations. Click on the Settings button of your environment. On-demand self-service. Cloud-based software services performance aspects are interrelated, both elasticity and efficiency are depending on the delivery of a sufficient level of scalability performance. The key difference is, scalable systems don't necessarily mean they will scale up/down - it's only about being. Cloud scalability and cloud elasticity are two of these terms, seemingly similar but having significant differences. EC2 Instances Purchasing Options. Customers can simplify application deployment, management, and scalability while improving uptime with the recently introduced flexible orchestration mode. Cloud Elasticity. There are two types of elasticity as shown in Fig. Cloud elasticity and scalability are important for several reasons. In other words, cloud scalability is. In other words, horizontal scaling involves scaling out, while vertical scaling involves scaling. Cloud scalability and elasticity are often used interchangeably. Performance. Scalability Vs Elasticity. Scheduled vs. Elasticity in Cloud Computing: Unraveling the Differences. You can use the API or the Oracle Dynamic Scaling utility to automate this scaling. ; Upgrading specific components costs less than purchasing a new server. Delivery of services like compute, storage and networking over the internet is known as Cloud Computing, and the provider of such services is known as Cloud Provider. Shared Responsibility Model for EC2. For example, if you have a sudden spike in your web. One of the most common and effective ways to measure the scalability of your cloud application is to perform load testing. Written by testadmin in Uncategorized. Multitenancy in Cloud computing: Multitenancy is a type of software architecture where a single software instance can serve multiple distinct user groups. Elasticity is the capacity of a system to expand or contract dynamically in response to shifting workload needs, such as a sudden. Published: 20 Sep 2022. What is scalability vs elasticity in cloud computing? Regarding cloud computing, scalability and elasticity are two important concepts you need to understand. As they are sharing the same computing resources but the data of each Cloud customer. Scalability describes a system’s elasticity. Elasticity: Cloud scalability allows for real-time resource adjustments based on workload changes. Understanding their differences is crucial for optimizing resource management and meeting varying workloads. Elasticity. Horizontal Scalability. This article reviews both classical and recent elasticity solutions. In general usage, “cloud scalability” relates to the server space and resources used per online service or business application (i. Cloud-native applications constitute a recent trend for designing large-scale software systems. this. The cloud gives you more options for building and deploying applications. Scalability refers to the ability to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources. Scalability will prevent you from having to worry about capacity planning and peak engineering. Cloud Elasticity vs Cloud Scalability. Most people, when thinking of cloud computing, think of the ease with which they can procure resources when needed. You should see the following page: Step 2 – Click on the Auto Horizontal Scaling button in left pane, you should see the triggers for your environment in the right-side. Scalability generally refers to more predictable infrastructure expansions. 2. Public clouds offer services at low costs and in turn offer a product that can be utilized by a wide audience. Cloud elasticity goes beyond scalability by adding an automated and dynamic aspect to resource allocation. EC2 Instances Purchasing Options. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. You may want to investigate golden Amazon Machine. It is the ability to quickly expand or decrease. It costs about $6. Three basic ways to scale in a cloud environment include manual scaling, scheduled scaling, and automatic scaling. Scalability and Efficiency The terms Elasticity, Scalability and Efficiency are commonly used (and often misused) in the context of Cloud Computing. Horizontal scaling vs. cloud scalability. Scalability is used to meet the static increase in the workload. Explore the differences in this article. If we think of elasticity in the sense that a resource is elastic, then the two cloud functions mentioned above are not equal. Here are few basic points. Because these two terms. Elasticity and Scalability are two fundamental cloud architecture principles that guide AWS Architecture. Scalability and elasticity are often confused, but they are distinct attributes of a data center or cloud environment. scaling up. The main principles of cloud agility help businesses harness cloud computing to achieve flexibility, scalability and accelerate innovation. One AWS product, the Elastic Load Balancer scales automatically on demand with the traffic it receives for your application. Implement elasticity using AWS Auto Scaling or Application Auto Scaling for the aspects of your service that are not elastic by design. Rate limiting is often employed in large-scale systems. ScalabilityWhat is cloud scalability vs. This document in the Google Cloud Architecture Framework provides design principles to architect your services so that they can tolerate failures and scale in response to customer demand. Typically, this means organizations will decide between scale-up vs. Cloud scalability vs Cloud elasticity. Knowledge Difference between Elasticity and Scalability in cloud computing By MW Team Updated on Aug 11, 2023 Scalability and elasticity are the. Both elasticity and scalability are key to modern storage systems. What is cloud scalability vs. enabling the hypervisor to create. Cloud Scalability . scaling up. Horizontal and Vertical Cloud Scaling Similarities. At its most basic level, database scalability can be divided into two types: Vertical scaling, or scaling up or down, where you increase or decrease computing power or databases as needed—either by changing performance levels or by using elastic database pools to automatically adjust to your workload demands. scale-out for storage, consider factors such as data growth expectations, budget, criticality of systems and existing hardware. Load testing simulates various levels and patterns of user. If every 1,000 users you get, you need 2x the amount of servers, then it can be said your design does not scale, as you would quickly run out of money as your user count grew. The application layer is limited in elasticity due to the persistence of the session data on the EC2 instances. Scalability vs. Unlike reserved instances or your own server hardware "in the basement" the cloud provider offer both the resources and the managment tools to let you use varying amounts of compute, network ,. Ağustos 24, 2022. In this sample chapter from Exam Ref AZ-900 Microsoft Azure Fundamentals, author Jim Cheshire covers the benefits of using the cloud, the different cloud services that are available, and cloud models that enable a variety of cloud configurations. e. Resource pooling. Elasticity is the ability to fit the resources needed to cope with loads dynamically usually in relation to scale out. Application scalability is a core element of public cloud computing, enabling operators to add or remove compute instances as processing demands change over time. Published: 20 Sep 2022. It majorly affects RAM, bandwidth, and storage as the workload changes. At work, three excellent examples of cloud elasticity include e-commerce, insurance, and streaming services. Conclusion of Cloud Elasticity in Cloud Scalability. Elasticity is the ability of a cloud to expand or compress the infrastructural resources automatically on a sudden-up and down in the requirement so that the workload can be managed efficiently. The real difference lies in the requirements and conditions under which they. As the most popular model of cloud computing services, the public cloud offers vast choices in terms of solutions and computing resources to address the growing needs of organizations of all sizes and verticals. In contrast, elasticity refers to daily/hourly capacity changes–when usage goes up and down. Elasticity pertains to individual machines and how much RAM and processing power it will need or use. *)?$)","target":"//. The reason for this distinction is that you can usually add as many servers to the infrastructure as you need. Elasticity, on the other hand, is the ability of a system to adjust its resources in response to changing workloads dynamically. Not everything on the Web is "in the cloud," but everything on the Web is a service of some kind. Cloud elasticity enables businesses to swiftly spawn computing resources in no time. The difference between elasticity vs. Scalability. Learn how azure elasticity and scalability Concepts works, this lecture is part of the Azure AZ-900 Exam. EC2 Capacity Reservations. Cloud Elasticity vs Cloud Scalability. Horizontal scaling vs. Whereas Cloud Scalability is a strategic resource allocation operation. This allows companies to pay on an as-needed basis and effectively scale up. Elasticity vs. While we often use it to refer to a system’s ability to grow, it is not exclusive to this definition. Horizontal elasticity consists in adding or removing. Private clouds are often paid services that offer much more customization and scalability for a business. In the Scalability vs Elasticity comparison, it’s very advantageous to have a fine-tuned system that was property elasticized and scales. Nowadays, scalable and elastic cloud computing services are available to customers. Scalability and elasticity—the ability to add capacity. Manual scaling is just as it sounds. Cloud Elasticity Cloud Scalability; 1: Elasticity is used just to meet the sudden up and down in the workload for a small period of time. High Availability. 4 min read - Organizations worldwide are embracing the power of cloud computing to drive innovation, enhance scalability and improve operational efficiency. Scalability Vs Elasticity. Among the various cloud service providers available, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has emerged as a popular choice for businesses seeking digital. While scalability focuses on flexibility and accommodating increased workloads, elasticity emphasizes resource allocation optimization and dynamic adjustments based on demand fluctuations. GCP leads the pack with its largest instance, 3. What is elastic computing or cloud elasticity? Elastic computing is the ability to quickly expand or decrease computer processing, memory, and storage resources to meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak usage. Fault Tolerance is the ability of a system to remain up and running during component and service failure. Types Of Scaling In Cloud Computing. Businesses are investing heavily in cloud computing resources, and professionals with the right set of skills are much in demand. Scale up/down elasticity: Adding or subtracting the resources themselves from the infrastructure, in the interest of adjusting performance to meet workload needs. Facebook Share Twitter Share LinkedIn Share When it comes to cloud technologies, it can be easy to get caught up in all the terminology. A reliable service continues to respond to customer requests when there's a high demand on the service or when. Cloud elasticity and cloud scalability ensure that both customers and cloud platforms can meet the changing demands of computing. Learn more about the differences between cloud scalability and cloud elasticity, the benefits of the […] Cloud Scalability vs. For example, a scalable web app is one that works well with one user or many users, and that gracefully handles peaks and dips in traffic. The IT resource can be integrated with a reactive cloud architecture capable of automatically scaling it horizontally or vertically in response to fluctuating demand. Cloud solutions architects should ideally “build today with tomorrow in mind,” meaning their solutions need to cater to current scale requirements as well as the anticipated growth of. Vertical Scaling. Sometimes, those terms can even be used interchangeably. What is cloud scalability vs. EBS. Elastic environments care about being able to meet current demands without under/over provisioning, in an autonomic fashion. Cloud Scalability vs Cloud Elasticity Comparison adenusadmin. Elasticity is how fast you can adjust to and use those resources. Scalability and elasticity represent a system that can grow in both capacity and resources, making them somewhat similar. Experience VMware Cloud on AWS for Free. This is only one aspect to elasticity. ”We all know how we scale a highway system—we add more traffic lanes so it can handle a greater number of vehicles. Cloud elasticity differs from cloud scalability in that it allows you to match the allocated resources with the resources needed at any given time. Virtualization changes the hardware-software relations and is one of the foundational elements of cloud computing technology that helps utilize the capabilities of cloud computing to the full. Over-provisioning is when more resources are allocated than are required, and it should be avoided, particularly in a cloud model because the service provider must pay for all allocated resources, which can increase the cost. Here’s why. Elasticity provides the ability to seamlessly adapt to changing. Dynamic horizontal scaling can be enabled via the use of pools of identical IT resources and components capable of dispersing and retracting workloads across each. There are some similarities in scalability with the public and private clouds however there are many differences. Ensure scalability and flexibility for future growth. While elasticity usually involves the dynamic allocation of memory and CPU resources, scalability often consists of the provisioning of new servers to meet static demand growth. Scalability vs. While scalability helps manage long-term growth, elasticity ensures excellent service in the present. Содержание. Elasticity is the ability of a cloud to expand or compress the infrastructural resources. Q7. September 13, 2023. Cloud Econ 104: Why elasticity in infrastructure matters in good times and bad. Scalability can either be vertical (scale-up with in a system) or horizontal (scale-out multiple systems in most cases but not always linearly). Also, how elasticity is reliant on. Types of Cloud Scalability: Manual vs. Running on multiple clouds provides redundancy if one system should fail. In boom times of peak demand, cloud scalability and pay-as-you-go pricing models prevent overspending on idle capacity by. You can scale computer processing, memory, and storage capacity in cloud computing to match changing demands. While the two terms are often used interchangeably, they have distinct differences. James Tsai. Load testing simulates various levels and patterns of user. Typically controlled by system monitoring tools, elastic computing matches the. The terms cloud elasticity and scalability are often used together and sometimes even interchangeably depending on with whom you’re speaking. AMI. I look forward to being corrected for both our sakes, OP. Learn more about the differences between cloud scalability and cloud elasticity, the. Many articles on the internet discuss Cloud scalability and Cloud elasticity, which is great, however, they often solely focus on autoscaling when explaining elasticity, leading to confusion as it. Both cloud elasticity and cloud scalability are part of a larger concern about system adaptability, i. Cloud scalability, on the other hand, is for long-term growth that is strategically planned. In this study, we present a benchmarking method, allowing. In the post-pandemic corporate world of 2021, numerous businesses have adopted cloud systems in some capacity or the other. Speak to us to find how you can achieve cloud elasticity with a serverless messaging queue and background task solution with free handheld support. There is often a misconception between Scalability and Elasticity. Multicloud doesn’t just expand options, it also provides important backup. IT systems can scale vertically, horizontally, and sometimes both. Scalability helps these businesses keep their online services available for clients in a cost-effective manner, regardless of fluctuations in demand. Performance requirements undergo massive changes as features and functionalities get added and eliminated to accommodate evolving business requirements. Cloud-enabled systems that demand elasticity, scalability, and composition of services, etc. Cloud computing introduces two essential concepts, scalability and elasticity, often used. “Scalability in cloud computing can handle the changing needs of an application within the confines of the. Elasticity. Customers can simplify application deployment, management, and scalability while improving uptime with the recently introduced flexible orchestration mode. Spikes in usage can even happen by the hour or minute. A distinction between scalability and elasticity is that elasticity is done automatically. If you need to keep systems running smoothly as your user base grows, your teams have to either add more computing power (CPU, RAM) to your existing machines (vertical scaling) or add more. The synergy between cloud automation and elasticity vs scalability in cloud computing cannot be overstated; it equips corporations with tools designed for modern day digital resource allocation while bridging gaps brought about by manually driven systems. While the magnitude of these aspects is extremely important when it comes to cloud infrastructure, there are a few other areas that have. Agility refers to the ability to deploy new applications and services quickly. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Cloud elasticity combines with cloud scalability to ensure both customers and cloud platforms meet changing computing needs as and when required. Test elasticity both up and down, ensuring it will meet requirements for load variance. For. Scalability means to increase from 5 to 50 instances. Sep 29, 2023, 5:50 AM. scalability vs elasticity in cloud computing: The scale of the resources required is one of the main distinctions between scalability and elasticity. Cloud Elasticity Vs. With cloud scalability, you may modify the resources that are already. Scalability is simply an increase in size or number—and, therefore, Elastic is also a form of scaling, but in this case within the same machine. Cloud scalability. The first step is to understand what scalability and elasticity mean in cloud computing. Elasticity is the ability of a system to manage available resources. ago. For instance, a technology-based service. One of the primary differences between scalability and elasticity is the scale of resources involved. ” As in the text below. But they are not the same thing. cloud scalability. ” even though these terms are similar and are often used interchangeably, they have distinct differences. Elasticity vs Scalability We frequently hear about the concepts of "elasticity" and "scalability" in cloud computing in tandem with each other. Cloud elasticity is generally used by small enterprises whose workload expands only for a specific period. Cloud scalability and elasticity are often used interchangeably. Elasticity refers to a system’s ability to grow or shrink dynamically in response to changing workload demands, like a sudden spike in web traffic. ” even though these terms are similar and are often used interchangeably, they have distinct differences. Manual Scaling. As businesses grow, they must choose between horizontal and vertical cloud scaling to. Difference Between Elasticity And Scalability In The Cloud. High Availability vs Scalability (vertical and horizontal) vs Elasticity vs Agility in the Cloud ; Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) ; Distribute traffic across backend EC2 instances, can be Multi-AZ ; Supports health checks ; 3 types: Application LB (HTTP – L7), Network LB (TCP – L4), Classic LB (old) ; Auto Scaling Groups. Elasticity refers to a system’s ability to grow or shrink dynamically in response to changing workload demands, like a sudden spike in web traffic. On the other hand, scalability tackles an application’s varying. You need less space in a server room to scale vertically than horizontally (cooling and power bills are also lower). Scalability is used to meet the static increase in the workload. It provides the necessary resources and capacity required for the current. All CSPs provide a wide variety of elasticity. hyper scalability, elasticity, and simplified operations and lifecycle management (LCM) canWhat Is Scalability? Intuitively, scalability is a pretty straightforward concept. Cloud elasticity is sometimes confused with cloud scalability, often because they’re used interchangeably or talked about in the same sentence. Cloud Scalability vs Cloud Elasticity. Talking about scalability, AWS and Azure seem to provide packages better suited for enterprises, but Google, with its leaps in big data analytics, provides data-extensive services like no other. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELASTICITY AND SCALABILITY The distinction between scalability and elasticity is that the latter is always done automatically to meet sudden bursts in capacity demand, while the former addresses more predictable. By. Measured service. The real difference lies in the requirements and conditions under which they function. Report. Application. This is when Cloud scalability comes into play. See more93 Scalability is the ability of the system to accommodate larger loads just by adding resources either making hardware stronger (scale up) or adding additional nodes (scale out).